Introduction
For most of his career, Amir Rozwadowski was a name known mainly inside trading floors and boardrooms — a telecom research analyst whose stock calls moved communications-sector shares long before most sports fans had ever heard of him. That changed in August 2024, when he married Charlotte Jones, the Dallas Cowboys executive and daughter of team owner Jerry Jones. Overnight, a low-profile finance executive became a subject of public curiosity, and search interest in his biography, his career, and his personal life spiked accordingly.
This article pulls together what’s actually documented about Amir Rozwadowski — his education, his two-decade Wall Street career, his current role at AT&T, his health scare, and his marriage — while being upfront about the parts of his life that remain private. Not everything about a public company executive ends up in a press release, and it’s worth separating verified fact from the guesswork that tends to circulate once someone becomes tabloid material. Where a detail simply isn’t on the public record, this piece says so rather than inventing one.
Early Life and Background
Detailed information about Amir Rozwadowski’s childhood, his parents, and exactly where he grew up hasn’t been made public. Unlike his wife, who has spoken at length in interviews about growing up in Little Rock, Arkansas and later Dallas as the daughter of an NFL owner, Amir Rozwadowski has largely kept his own upbringing out of the press. His nationality is American, and his surname points toward Polish heritage, though he hasn’t discussed his family background or siblings in any public forum. That reticence tracks with the rest of his professional life: he built a career by talking about companies, not about himself, and that habit seems to have carried over into how he handles personal publicity now.
It’s worth noting that this isn’t unusual for someone in investor relations. Amir Rozwadowski People who spend their careers on earnings calls and in front of institutional investors tend to be disciplined communicators — they say exactly what needs to be said and not much more. That discipline shows up in how little personal detail has leaked out about him even after several years of media attention tied to his marriage.
Education at the University of Pennsylvania
What is documented is his schooling. Rozwadowski is a University of Pennsylvania alumnus, having earned a Bachelor of Arts there between 1997 and 2000. Amir Rozwadowski His course of study combined economics with an international relations degree — a pairing that’s common among people headed for research or banking roles, since it blends quantitative training with a broader read on global markets, trade, and policy. Penn’s proximity to New York and its strong finance recruiting pipeline made it a natural launchpad into the world he’d spend the next two decades in.
That dual focus on economics and international affairs also foreshadowed the kind of analyst he’d become — someone who didn’t just model spreadsheets but who could contextualize how global capital flows, regulatory shifts, and macro trends affected the companies he covered. Amir Rozwadowski It’s a useful skill set for anyone tracking telecom, an industry that’s shaped as much by spectrum auctions and federal policy as by consumer demand.
Starting Out on Wall Street
Rozwadowski’s Wall Street career began almost immediately after graduation. Amir Rozwadowski From 2000 to 2002, he worked as an analyst in investment banking at Lehman Brothers, one of the storied names on the Street before its dramatic 2008 collapse. That early stint gave him grounding in deal work and corporate finance before he pivoted toward the research side of the business, which is where he’d spend the bulk of his career.
Those first two years on a banking desk are formative for most Wall Street careers. Amir Rozwadowski Junior bankers build financial models, learn the mechanics of how companies raise capital, and absorb a level of technical rigor that stays with them regardless of which direction their career eventually takes. For Rozwadowski, that foundation would later show up in how he approached research: less speculative narrative, more grounded in the underlying numbers.
The Move to Janney Montgomery Scott
In 2003, he moved to Janney Montgomery Scott, a Philadelphia-based brokerage with deep roots in the region, as an associate in equity research. It’s a smaller, less headline-grabbing name than Lehman, but the move gave him direct experience building out research coverage rather than just supporting bankers on deals. Amir Rozwadowski For an aspiring equity research analyst, roles like this are often where the real craft gets learned — writing initiation reports, building earnings models from scratch, and defending stock calls against skeptical portfolio managers.
Returning to Lehman and Rising to Vice President
He returned to Lehman Brothers in 2004, this time on the research side as an associate, and was promoted to vice president and senior analyst covering equity research by 2006. Amir Rozwadowski He stayed there until Lehman’s collapse in September 2008 — a moment that reshaped the entire financial industry overnight and sent much of Lehman’s talent scattering to rival banks within days.
That period at Lehman, from 2004 through 2008, coincided with a formative stretch for the telecom and communications sector, as wireless penetration accelerated and the industry began shifting toward the data-driven business models that would define the next fifteen years. Amir Rozwadowski Being embedded in equity research during that window gave Rozwadowski a front-row seat to exactly the kind of structural change that would later define his corporate career.
Becoming a Telecom Analyst at Barclays Capital
When Barclays Capital acquired Lehman’s North American operations in the fall of 2008, Rozwadowski moved over as part of that transition, a fate shared by thousands of former Lehman employees. Amir Rozwadowski He spent roughly a decade at Barclays Capital, rising steadily: vice president and senior analyst covering communications equipment first, then director, and eventually managing director and senior analyst covering U.S. telecom services and communications infrastructure. Along the way he also covered clean technology and renewables research for a period, broadening his sector expertise well beyond telecom alone.
As a telecom research analyst, his job was to study public telecom and infrastructure companies in depth — reading regulatory filings, modeling subscriber growth and churn, forecasting capital spending cycles — and to publish ratings and price targets that institutional investors used to make buy and sell decisions. Amir Rozwadowski This is high-pressure, highly scrutinized work. Every call an analyst makes is tracked, graded, and compared against peers covering the same names.
Platforms that track Wall Street analyst performance, such as TipRanks and StockAnalysis, still carry a record of his calls from this era. TipRanks lists him as a multi-star-rated analyst with a win rate above 60% on his recommendations and a solidly positive average return per rating — a respectable track record in a notoriously difficult business where being right roughly six times out of ten, over a large enough sample, is considered strong performance. amir rozwadowski His coverage during this stretch touched major names in wireless towers and communications infrastructure, sectors that would go on to become some of the most consequential real estate plays of the 2010s as data demand exploded.
By the time he left Barclays around 2018, Rozwadowski had spent nearly two decades on the sell side, building a reputation as one of the more closely watched voices covering the sector that would soon become central to his next chapter: telecommunications finance from the inside, rather than the outside.
Making the Jump to AT&T
Moving from equity research to a corporate finance role is a well-worn path for analysts who’ve spent years covering an industry from the outside and want to work inside it. amir rozwadowski made that jump to AT&T, joining the telecommunications sector giant in a finance capacity. In June 2020, he stepped into the role that has defined his career since: Senior Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations.
In that seat, Rozwadowski functions as the connective tissue between AT&T’s corporate strategy — fiber buildouts, 5G investment, network spending — and the shareholders, analysts, and institutional investors who need to understand where that money is going and why. amir rozwadowski Investor relations work of this kind involves presenting at investor conferences, hosting quarterly earnings calls, briefing analysts on shareholder communications, and translating complex financial strategy into language markets can price. Having spent years asking those exact questions as an outside analyst gives him a fairly rare vantage point on the job — he’s now on the other side of a conversation he used to initiate himself.
Leading AT&T’s Earnings Calls
Since taking the role, Rozwadowski has opened and moderated AT&T’s quarterly earnings calls, sitting alongside CEO John Stankey and CFO Pascal Desroches on calls that draw participation from senior analysts at firms like Morgan Stanley, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan, and UBS. amir rozwadowski Company transcripts from 2022 through 2024 consistently show him walking participants through the safe harbor statement, introducing leadership, and managing the question-and-answer format that keeps these calls disciplined — typically limiting each participant to one question and one follow-up so that as many analysts as possible get a chance to engage.
He’s also served as host for AT&T’s Analyst and Investor Day events, larger-scale sessions where the company lays out multi-year strategy for the institutional investor community. At the March 2022 Analyst and Investor Day, for instance, he opened the event by walking attendees through the format before handing things over to senior leadership to detail the company’s capital allocation plans. amir rozwadowski These events matter because they set the tone for how Wall Street prices a company’s stock for the following year — getting the framing right is a meaningful part of his job.
Communicating AT&T’s Capital Investment Strategy
Part of what makes Rozwadowski’s role substantive rather than ceremonial is the scale of what he’s explaining. amir rozwadowski AT&T has detailed on its own earnings calls that its capital investment totaled roughly $65 billion in the years following July 2020, largely directed at expanding fiber and 5G network infrastructure. Explaining a spending program of that size to skeptical analysts — including newer, less familiar initiatives like the company’s GigaPower fiber joint venture — requires a level of transparency that Rozwadowski has directly acknowledged on calls, noting the importance of sharing granular data like average revenue per user and penetration rates so investors can track the economics of new investments themselves rather than taking the company’s word for it.
That kind of consistent, data-forward communication is exactly what investor relations professionals are judged on. amir rozwadowski A company can have a sound strategy, but if the market doesn’t understand it, the stock won’t reflect it. Rozwadowski’s job, in essence, is to close that gap quarter after quarter.
Additional Finance Leadership at AT&T
Beyond his investor relations duties, Rozwadowski has taken on broader finance leadership responsibilities within AT&T over time, including work tied to the company’s business division. amir rozwadowski That kind of expansion is typical for finance executives who prove effective in a Fortune 500 company’s most visible external-facing seat — leadership tends to hand them more internal responsibility once they’ve shown they can manage the market-facing side of the job without missteps.
Board Memberships and Outside Roles
Alongside his AT&T responsibilities, Rozwadowski has carried outside board and advisory experience. amir rozwadowski He served as an independent director at OTR Acquisition Corp, a special purpose acquisition company, from around 2021 to 2022 — a role that put him on the governance side of a corporate governance structure rather than purely the finance side. He’s also listed as a senior advisor at Powerhouse Capital Management LLC and, earlier in his career, as a partner at SB Investment Advisers (UK) Ltd., pointing to some international dimension in his advisory work.
More notably, he currently serves as a board member at Virtual Health Partners, an organization focused on healthcare delivery. amir rozwadowski That role takes on extra resonance given what’s publicly known about his own health journey.
A Cancer Diagnosis and Recovery
One of the more personal facts to become public about Rozwadowski is that he was diagnosed with cancer around the time of his relationship with Charlotte Jones. According to reporting on the couple, Charlotte was by his side through treatment, and he has since fully recovered. amir rozwadowski Neither he nor Charlotte has gone into detail publicly about the type of cancer or the treatment involved, and it would be irresponsible to guess at specifics that haven’t been disclosed. What is on the record is the outcome: he came through it, and by the time in-depth profiles of Charlotte’s life were published in 2026, he was described as having recovered fully.
It’s a detail that’s earned him a degree of quiet respect beyond the finance world. amir rozwadowski For people navigating a cancer diagnosis of their own, executives and public figures who acknowledge that experience openly, even briefly, tend to resonate — it’s a reminder that a corner office doesn’t insulate anyone from serious illness. Whether Rozwadowski becomes more vocal as a cancer awareness advocate in the future remains to be seen, but his story so far is one of resilience handled with a notable lack of public fanfare, which is consistent with how he’s approached the rest of his personal life.
Meeting and Marrying Charlotte Jones
Amir Rozwadowski’s wife, Charlotte Jones, is one of the most influential women in professional sports. She serves as executive vice president and chief brand officer of the Dallas Cowboys, is a co-owner of the franchise, and is the daughter of longtime owner Jerry Jones. amir rozwadowski Beyond her Cowboys duties, she oversees brand marketing, fan engagement, stadium design, entertainment, licensed apparel, cause marketing, and community relations for the organization, and serves as president of the Dallas Cowboys Cheerleaders. She was previously married to David “Shy” Anderson from 1991 until their divorce in 2019, a marriage that produced her three children.
Charlotte announced her marriage to Rozwadowski in an August 2024 social media post, describing him as “my heart, my soulmate, my love.” Some of the photos she shared appeared to be taken aboard a yacht, though the couple hasn’t publicly confirmed exactly when or where the wedding took place. Rozwadowski’s social media handle, tagged in her announcement, is @arozwado — one of the few glimpses the public has into how he presents himself online, since he doesn’t maintain anything close to Charlotte’s public profile.
By 2026, profiles of Charlotte described the marriage as a source of genuine happiness for her after a difficult first divorce, with one in-depth feature crediting amir rozwadowski presence — including through his own health battle — as part of a period Charlotte herself described as one that put things into perspective. “Sometimes you have to hit a rough patch to really appreciate what matters,” she said of that stretch of their relationship.
Amir Rozwadowski’s Family Life
Rozwadowski’s family now includes Charlotte’s three adult children from her previous marriage: daughter Haley and sons Shy and Paxton. Whether he has children of his own from a prior relationship hasn’t been publicly reported. As a step-parent to adult children rather than young kids, his role in the family looks less like traditional parenting and more like the kind of blended-family integration that comes with marrying later in life — he’s been photographed at family events alongside Charlotte’s children, her son’s wife Tori, and even a grandchild, suggesting he’s been folded into the extended Jones family circle rather than kept at arm’s length.
That extended family, of course, comes with an enormous public profile of its own. Jerry Jones built the Cowboys into one of the most valuable franchises in sports after buying the team in February 1989 for $140 million, roughly two-thirds of it his own cash. amir rozwadowski Charlotte’s brothers, Stephen Jones and Jerry Jones Jr., run other parts of the organization, making the Cowboys very much a family-run business. Marrying into that world means Rozwadowski now shows up at Cowboys-adjacent events — including the 2025 Netflix premiere of the docuseries examining the team, charity functions, and Dallas social occasions — even though his own career has nothing to do with football itself.
Public Profile and Social Media
Unlike his wife, who has a substantial public and media presence tied to her Cowboys role, amir rozwadowski keeps a fairly low profile online. His known social media presence is modest, and most of what circulates publicly about him comes from AT&T’s own investor materials, financial data platforms that track analysts and executives, and coverage of Charlotte Jones rather than anything he’s shared himself. That’s consistent with someone whose career has been built on speaking about companies in formal, controlled settings — earnings calls, investor conferences, SEC-related disclosures — rather than personal branding or lifestyle content.
Net Worth, Salary, and What’s Actually Known
Given how much interest there is in Amir Rozwadowski’s net worth, it’s worth being straightforward: no reliable, sourced figure for his personal net worth or exact salary has been publicly disclosed. amir rozwadowski As a corporate executive at a Fortune 500 company, his compensation would be set through AT&T’s standard executive pay structure, but detailed executive compensation figures for named executive officers are only broken out in SEC filings for a company’s most senior leadership — typically the CEO and a handful of top officers — not for every senior vice president.
Unless AT&T names him specifically in a proxy statement, his exact pay isn’t a matter of public record, and any number attached to his name elsewhere online is an estimate at best, not a documented figure.
What can be said with confidence is that a role like his — Senior Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations at one of the largest telecommunications companies in the United States — sits well within senior executive compensation bands for financial markets professionals of his experience level, following a two-decade run through Lehman Brothers, Janney Montgomery Scott, and Barclays Capital. But translating “senior VP at a Fortune 500 firm with a 20-year Wall Street résumé” into a precise dollar figure without a disclosed source is guesswork, and this piece isn’t going to present a guess as a fact.
Age, Height, and Physical Appearance
The same caution applies to his height, physical description, and exact birthday or age — none of these have been confirmed through any credible source. Charlotte Jones’s own birthdate (July 26, 1966) is well documented, but Amir Rozwadowski has not disclosed his own birthday publicly, and no verified age appears in company biographies, financial data platforms, or credible press coverage.
amir rozwadowski Sites that publish precise figures for these details about a private executive are typically estimating or guessing, and it’s worth treating that kind of content with real skepticism. Based on the timeline of his career — a 1997 college enrollment and a 2000 graduation — he would be in his late forties in 2026, but that’s an inference from public timeline data, not a confirmed age.
Lifestyle and Life in Dallas
Since marrying Charlotte, Rozwadowski’s day-to-day life appears to split between his professional responsibilities at AT&T, which is headquartered in Dallas, and the social and family world that comes with being married to a Jones. Charlotte lives in Highland Park, one of Dallas’s more affluent enclaves, in a home on Beverly Drive, and the couple has been seen together at charity balls, restaurant openings, and Cowboys-related functions around the city. It’s a considerably more public lifestyle than the one he kept during his years as a Wall Street analyst, when his name showed up mainly in research notes and earnings-call transcripts rather than event photography or magazine features.
Ethnicity and Religion
As with several other personal details, Amir Rozwadowski’s ethnicity and religion have not been publicly confirmed by him or disclosed in any credible profile. amir rozwadowski His surname suggests Polish ancestry, but ancestry and stated ethnicity aren’t the same thing, and nothing on the record clarifies how he identifies. On religion, nothing reliable surfaces in interviews, corporate bios, or family coverage. That gap is worth respecting rather than filling in with assumption — plenty of public figures simply keep matters of faith and identity private, and there’s no indication Rozwadowski has chosen otherwise.
Why His Career Background Matters
It’s easy to reduce Rozwadowski to “Charlotte Jones’s husband,” but his own professional background is genuinely substantial on its own terms. amir rozwadowski Two decades spent moving from investment banking to sell-side research to a senior finance seat inside one of America’s largest telecommunications companies is not a small career. Analysts who cover a sector for years, then move inside a company in that sector, bring a perspective that’s hard to replicate — they’ve spent years asking the exact questions that investors want answered, and now they’re the ones answering them, on the record, every quarter.
His current title, Senior Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations, sits at the center of how AT&T communicates its financial strategy to the market. amir rozwadowski Every earnings call, every investor conference appearance, every piece of guidance the company issues about its fiber and wireless investments runs through the function he leads. amir rozwadowski That’s executive leadership in a very literal, unglamorous sense — the disciplined work of keeping a company’s financial story consistent, credible, and clearly explained to the people whose capital keeps it running.
What the Investor Relations Role Actually Involves
It’s worth stepping back to explain why a title like Senior Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations carries real weight inside a company the size of AT&T, since the job title alone doesn’t fully convey the responsibility. The person in this seat is effectively the company’s primary translator between two very different audiences: internal leadership, which thinks in terms of operating priorities and long-term strategy, and the investment community, which thinks in terms of quarterly performance, free cash flow, and forward guidance. Getting that translation wrong — either by overpromising or by failing to explain a strategic shift clearly — can move a stock price within minutes of an earnings call.
That’s part of why companies increasingly look to hire former sell-side analysts for these roles rather than promoting purely from internal finance ranks. Someone who spent years on the other side of the table, building models and pressing management teams for detail, understands exactly what information analysts need and how skeptically they’ll receive vague answers. Rozwadowski’s background covering communications infrastructure and telecom services at Barclays gave him that exact perspective before he ever set foot inside AT&T as an employee. He wasn’t just familiar with the sector in the abstract — he had spent a decade specifically modeling and rating the kind of company he now represents.
This is also why investor conferences matter so much to a role like his. Beyond the quarterly earnings calls and the annual Analyst and Investor Day, senior IR executives spend a considerable amount of time traveling to conferences hosted by banks and hosting one-on-one meetings with institutional shareholders — pension funds, mutual funds, and hedge funds that hold large positions in a company’s stock. These meetings rarely make headlines, but they’re where a lot of the real relationship-building between a company and its largest investors happens, away from the scripted format of a public earnings call.
The Telecommunications Industry Context
To understand why AT&T needed someone with Rozwadowski’s specific background in 2020, it helps to look at what the telecommunications industry was going through at the time. Carriers across the sector were in the middle of an extraordinarily capital-intensive period, racing to build out 5G wireless networks and expand fiber broadband simultaneously, while also managing enormous legacy debt loads and increasingly competitive pricing pressure from cable companies moving into wireless and satellite broadband providers entering the market. Explaining that kind of capital-intensive transition to investors — many of whom were more accustomed to telecom being a slower-growth, dividend-focused sector — required someone who could speak fluently about both the technology roadmap and the financial mechanics behind it.
That’s the environment Rozwadowski stepped into, and it’s the environment he’s continued to operate in through AT&T’s subsequent moves, including divesting its media assets to refocus on core connectivity and doubling down on fiber expansion through initiatives like the GigaPower joint venture. A finance executive in his position doesn’t set that strategy, but he is the one who has to stand in front of skeptical analysts every ninety days and make the case for why it’s working.
Lessons From a Two-Decade Career Path
There’s a broader pattern worth noting in how Rozwadowski’s career unfolded, one that’s instructive beyond just his own story. He didn’t take a straight-line path to a senior corporate role — he moved between firms during one of the most turbulent stretches in modern Wall Street history, surviving the 2008 financial crisis and the collapse of his own employer, Lehman Brothers, without his career derailing. That kind of resilience, staying in a single specialized sector across multiple firms and market cycles, is often what separates analysts who eventually land senior corporate roles from those who don’t.
His path also illustrates a broader trend in corporate finance: companies want experienced outside voices in roles that face the market, not just internally promoted finance staff. That’s true across sectors, but it’s especially pronounced in telecom, utilities, and other capital-intensive industries where the story a company tells about its spending has an outsized effect on how it’s valued.
Career Achievements at a Glance
Looking at the arc of his career together, a few things stand out. He built nearly two decades of equity research experience across three firms — Janney Montgomery Scott and two stints at Lehman Brothers — before spending a decade at Barclays Capital as a senior telecom analyst with a tracked, above-average performance record.
He then made a relatively rare and successful transition from sell-side analyst to corporate finance leadership, landing a role that put him in front of AT&T’s CEO and CFO on every earnings call since 2020. Along the way, he’s taken on board and advisory roles spanning a SPAC, a healthcare organization, and private capital advisory work, all while navigating a serious health diagnosis largely out of public view.
None of that career trajectory depends on his marriage. If anything, it’s the reverse — his marriage to Charlotte Jones has simply put a spotlight on a corporate finance executive career that was already well established.
The Bigger Picture
Amir Rozwadowski’s story is really two stories folded into one. There’s the career arc — Penn graduate to Lehman analyst to Barclays telecom coverage to AT&T’s investor relations chief — that would make for a solid biography in its own right for anyone interested in corporate finance or the telecommunications industry. And there’s the more recent chapter — marrying into one of the most recognizable families in American sports, going through and recovering from a cancer diagnosis, and quietly becoming part of the extended Cowboys orbit without changing what he actually does for a living.
What ties both threads together is a pattern of staying focused on substance over spotlight. He hasn’t rebranded himself around his marriage, hasn’t built a public persona to match his wife’s, and hasn’t used his new visibility to court more of it. For a man whose entire career has been about explaining other companies’ numbers clearly and without spin, that consistency tracks. The public record on Amir Rozwadowski will likely keep growing as his profile rises alongside Charlotte’s, but for now, what’s known paints the picture of a serious finance professional who happened to marry into a very public family — not the other way around.
Conclusion
Amir Rozwadowski’s life doesn’t fit neatly into either of the boxes people usually want to put it in. He’s not simply “the husband of a Cowboys executive,” and he’s not just another anonymous Wall Street name that happened to end up in a corporate finance seat. He’s someone who spent close to two decades building real credibility as a telecom analyst through one of the most disruptive periods in financial history, then made the leap into corporate leadership at a company whose spending decisions move markets every quarter — and did all of that before his personal life ever became a matter of public interest.
The honest version of his story has some gaps in it, and that’s fine. His exact age, his height, his net worth, his religion, and his ethnicity aren’t matters of public record, and no amount of confident-sounding phrasing on other websites changes that.
What is on record — his education at Penn, his run through Lehman Brothers, Janney Montgomery Scott, and Barclays Capital, his role steering AT&T’s investor relations since 2020, his board work, his recovery from cancer, and his marriage to Charlotte Jones — is more than enough to understand who he is and what he’s built. Sometimes the more accurate biography is the one that’s willing to say “this part isn’t public” rather than filling every blank with a guess, and that’s the version worth trusting.
FAQs
How old is Amir Rozwadowski?
His exact birthdate hasn’t been publicly disclosed. Based on his 1997–2000 college years, he’s estimated to be in his late forties as of 2026, though that’s an inference rather than a confirmed figure.
Who is Amir Rozwadowski’s wife?
He’s married to Charlotte Jones, executive vice president and chief brand officer of the Dallas Cowboys and daughter of team owner Jerry Jones. They married in August 2024.
Does Amir Rozwadowski have children?
He’s a step-parent to Charlotte Jones’s three adult children — Haley, Shy, and Paxton — from her previous marriage. No children of his own have been publicly reported.
What does Amir Rozwadowski do for a living?
He’s Senior Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations at AT&T, a role he’s held since June 2020, where he leads the company’s communication with shareholders and Wall Street analysts.
Where did Amir Rozwadowski go to college?
He earned a Bachelor of Arts in economics and international relations from the University of Pennsylvania between 1997 and 2000.
What was Amir Rozwadowski’s career before AT&T?
He worked in investment banking and equity research at Lehman Brothers, Janney Montgomery Scott, and Barclays Capital, where he spent roughly a decade as a senior telecom analyst before joining AT&T.
